1. Overview
1.概述
In this tutorial, we’re going to learn how to implement a sequential, auto-generated field for MongoDB in Spring Boot.
在本教程中,我们将学习如何在Spring Boot中为MongoDB实现一个连续的、自动生成的字段。
When we’re using MongoDB as the database for a Spring Boot application, we can’t use @GeneratedValue annotation in our models as it’s not available. Hence we need a method to produce the same effect as we’ll have if we’re using JPA and an SQL database.
当我们使用 MongoDB 作为 Spring Boot 应用程序的数据库时,我们无法在模型中使用 @GeneratedValue 注解,因为它不可用。因此,我们需要一种方法来产生与我们使用JPA和SQL数据库时相同的效果。
The general solution to this problem is simple. We’ll create a collection (table) that’ll store the generated sequence for other collections. During the creation of a new record, we’ll use it to fetch the next value.
这个问题的一般解决方案很简单。我们将创建一个集合(表),它将存储其他集合的生成序列。在创建一个新记录的过程中,我们将使用它来获取下一个值。
2. Dependencies
2.依赖性
Let’s add the following spring-boot starters to our pom.xml:
让我们在我们的pom.xml中添加以下spring-boot启动器。
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<versionId>2.2.2.RELEASE</versionId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
<versionId>2.2.2.RELEASE</versionId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
The latest version for the dependencies is managed by spring-boot-starter-parent.
依赖关系的最新版本是由spring-boot-starter-parent管理。
3. Collections
3.收藏品
As discussed in the overview, we’ll create a collection that’ll store the auto-incremented sequence for other collections. We’ll call this collection database_sequences. It can be created using either the mongo shell or MongoDB Compass. Let’s create a corresponding model class:
正如在概述中所讨论的,我们将创建一个集合,用于存储其他集合的自动递增序列。我们将这个集合称为database_sequences。它可以使用mongo shell或MongoDB Compass创建。我们来创建一个相应的模型类。
@Document(collection = "database_sequences")
public class DatabaseSequence {
@Id
private String id;
private long seq;
//getters and setters omitted
}
Let’s then create a users collection, and a corresponding model object, that’ll store the details of people that are using our system:
然后让我们创建一个users集合,以及一个相应的模型对象,它将存储使用我们系统的人的详细信息。
@Document(collection = "users")
public class User {
@Transient
public static final String SEQUENCE_NAME = "users_sequence";
@Id
private long id;
private String email;
//getters and setters omitted
}
In the User model created above, we added a static field SEQUENCE_NAME, which is a unique reference to the auto-incremented sequence for the users collection.
在上面创建的User模型中,我们添加了一个静态字段SEQUENCE_NAME,,它是对users集合的自动递增序列的唯一引用。
We also annotate it with the @Transient to prevent it from being persisted alongside other properties of the model.
我们还用@Transient来注解它,以防止它与模型的其他属性一起被持久化。
4. Creating a New Record
4.创建一个新的记录
So far, we’ve created the required collections and models. Now, we’ll create a service that’ll generate the auto-incremented value that can be used as id for our entities.
到目前为止,我们已经创建了所需的集合和模型。现在,我们将创建一个服务,它将生成自动递增的值,可以作为我们实体的id。
Let’s create a SequenceGeneratorService that has generateSequence():
让我们创建一个SequenceGeneratorService,它有generateSequence()。
public long generateSequence(String seqName) {
DatabaseSequence counter = mongoOperations.findAndModify(query(where("_id").is(seqName)),
new Update().inc("seq",1), options().returnNew(true).upsert(true),
DatabaseSequence.class);
return !Objects.isNull(counter) ? counter.getSeq() : 1;
}
Now, we can use the generateSequence() while creating a new record:
现在,我们可以在创建一个新记录时使用generateSequence()。
User user = new User();
user.setId(sequenceGenerator.generateSequence(User.SEQUENCE_NAME));
user.setEmail("john.doe@example.com");
userRepository.save(user);
To list all the users, we’ll use the UserRepository:
为了列出所有的用户,我们将使用UserRepository。
List<User> storedUsers = userRepository.findAll();
storedUsers.forEach(System.out::println);
As it is now, we have to set the id field every time we create a new instance of our model. We can circumvent this process by creating a listener for Spring Data MongoDB lifecycle events.
按照现在的情况,我们必须在每次创建模型的新实例时设置id字段。我们可以通过为 Spring Data MongoDB 生命周期事件创建一个监听器来规避这一过程。
To do that, we’ll create a UserModelListener that extends AbstractMongoEventListener<User> and then we’ll override the onBeforeConvert():
要做到这一点,我们将创建一个UserModelListener,它扩展了AbstractMongoEventListener<User>,然后我们将重写onBeforeConvert():。
@Override
public void onBeforeConvert(BeforeConvertEvent<User> event) {
if (event.getSource().getId() < 1) {
event.getSource().setId(sequenceGenerator.generateSequence(User.SEQUENCE_NAME));
}
}
Now, every time we save a new User, the id will be set automatically.
现在,每次我们保存一个新的用户,id将被自动设置。
5. Conclusion
5.结论
In conclusion, we’ve seen how to generate sequential, auto-incremented values for the id field and simulate the same behavior as seen in SQL databases.
总之,我们已经看到了如何为id字段生成连续的、自动递增的值,并模拟在SQL数据库中看到的相同行为。
Hibernate uses a similar method for generating auto-incremented values by default.
Hibernate默认使用类似的方法来生成自动递增的值。
As usual, the complete source code is available over on Github.
像往常一样,完整的源代码可在Github上获得。