Format a Milliseconds Duration to HH:MM:SS – 将毫秒持续时间格式化为HH:MM:SS

1. Overview

1.概述

Duration is an amount of time expressed in terms of hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, and so on. We may wish to format a duration into some particular time pattern.

持续时间是以小时、分钟、秒、毫秒等表示的时间量。我们可能希望将一个持续时间格式化为某种特定的时间模式。

We can achieve this either by writing custom code with the help of some JDK libraries or by making use of third-party libraries.

我们可以通过在一些JDK库的帮助下编写自定义代码或利用第三方库来实现这一点。

In this quick tutorial, we’ll look at how to write simple code to format a given duration to HH:MM:SS format.

在这个快速教程中，我们将看看如何编写简单的代码，将一个给定的持续时间格式化为HH:MM:SS格式。

2. Java Solutions

2.Java解决方案

There are multiple ways a duration can be expressed — for example, in minutes, seconds, and milliseconds, or as a Java Duration, which has its own specific format.

持续时间有多种表达方式–例如，以分、秒和毫秒为单位，或者以Java Duration为单位，它有自己的特定格式。

This section and subsequent sections will focus on formatting intervals (elapsed time), specified in milliseconds, to HH:MM:SS using some JDK libraries. For the sake of our examples, we’ll be formatting 38114000ms as 10:35:14 (HH:MM:SS).

本节和后续章节将重点讨论使用一些JDK库将以毫秒为单位的时间间隔（经过的时间）格式化为HH:MM:SS。在我们的例子中，我们将把38114000ms格式化为10:35:14（HH:MM:SS）。

2.1. Duration

2.1 期限

As of Java 8, the Duration class was introduced to handle intervals of time in various units. The Duration class comes with a lot of helper methods to get the hours, minutes, and seconds from a duration.

从Java 8开始，引入了Duration类，以处理各种单位的时间间隔。Duration类带有许多辅助方法，以从一个持续时间中获得小时、分钟和秒。

To format an interval to HH:MM:SS using the Duration class, we need to initialize the Duration object from our interval using the factory method ofMillis found in the Duration class. This converts the interval to a Duration object that we can work with:

要使用Duration类将一个时间间隔格式化为HH:MM:SS，我们需要使用Duration类中的工厂方法ofMillis来初始化我们的时间间隔的Duration对象。这可以将时间间隔转换为我们可以使用的Duration对象。

Duration duration = Duration.ofMillis(38114000);

For ease of calculation from seconds to our desired units, we need to get the total number of seconds in our duration or interval:

为了便于从秒到我们所需单位的计算，我们需要得到我们的持续时间或间隔时间的总秒数。

long seconds = duration.getSeconds();

Then, once we have the number of seconds, we generate the corresponding hours, minutes, and seconds for our desired format:

然后，一旦我们得到秒数，我们就为我们所需的格式生成相应的小时、分钟和秒。

long HH = seconds / 3600;
long MM = (seconds % 3600) / 60;
long SS = seconds % 60;

Finally, we format our generated values:

最后，我们对生成的数值进行格式化。

String timeInHHMMSS = String.format("%02d:%02d:%02d", HH, MM, SS);

Let’s try this solution out:

让我们来试试这个解决方案。

assertThat(timeInHHMMSS).isEqualTo("10:35:14");

If we’re using Java 9 or later, we can use some helper methods to get the units directly without having to perform any calculations:

如果我们使用的是Java 9或更高版本，我们可以使用一些辅助方法来直接获得单位，而不需要进行任何计算。

long HH = duration.toHours();
long MM = duration.toMinutesPart();
long SS = duration.toSecondsPart();
String timeInHHMMSS = String.format("%02d:%02d:%02d", HH, MM, SS);

The above snippet will give us the same result as tested above:

上述片段将给我们带来与上述测试相同的结果。

assertThat(timeInHHMMSS).isEqualTo("10:35:14");

2.2. TimeUnit

2.2.时间单位

Just like the Duration class discussed in the previous section, TimeUnit represents a time at a given granularity. It provides some helper methods to convert across units – which in our case would be hours, minutes, and seconds – and to perform timing and delay operations in these units.

就像上一节中讨论的Duration类一样，TimeUnit表示一个特定粒度的时间。它提供了一些辅助方法来转换不同的单位（在我们的例子中是小时、分钟和秒），并在这些单位中执行计时和延迟操作。

To format a duration in milliseconds to the format HH:MM:SS, all we need to do is to use the corresponding helper methods in TimeUnit:

要将持续时间以毫秒为单位格式化为HH:MM:SS，我们所要做的就是使用TimeUnit中的相应辅助方法。

long HH = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toHours(38114000);
long MM = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(38114000) % 60;
long SS = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(38114000) % 60;

Then, format the duration based on generated units above:

然后，根据上面生成的单位格式化持续时间。

String timeInHHMMSS = String.format("%02d:%02d:%02d", HH, MM, SS);
assertThat(timeInHHMMSS).isEqualTo("10:35:14");

3. Using Third-Party Libraries

3.使用第三方库

We may choose to try a different route by using third-party library methods rather than writing our own.

我们可以选择使用第三方库的方法，而不是自己编写，来尝试不同的路线。

3.1. Apache Commons

3.1.Apache Commons

To use Apache Commons, we need to add commons-lang3 to our project:

要使用Apache Commons，我们需要在我们的项目中添加commons-lang3。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
    <version>3.12.0</version>
</dependency>

As expected, this library has formatDuration as well as other unit formatting methods in its DurationFormatUtils class:

正如预期的那样，这个库在其DurationFormatUtils类中有formatDuration以及其他单位格式化方法。

String timeInHHMMSS = DurationFormatUtils.formatDuration(38114000, "HH:MM:SS", true);
assertThat(timeInHHMMSS).isEqualTo("10:35:14");

3.2. Joda Time

3.2 乔达时间

The Joda Time library comes in handy when we’re using a Java version prior to Java 8 because of its handy helper methods to represent and format units of time. To use Joda Time, let’s add the joda-time dependency to our project:

当我们使用 Java 8 之前的 Java 版本时，Joda Time库就会派上用场，因为它有方便的辅助方法来表示和格式化时间单位。为了使用Joda Time，让我们将joda-time依赖项添加到我们的项目中。

<dependency>
    <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
    <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.10</version>
</dependency>

Joda Time has a Duration class to represent time. First, we convert the interval in milliseconds to an instance of the Joda Time Duration object:

Joda Time有一个Duration类来表示时间。首先，我们把以毫秒为单位的时间间隔转换成Joda Time Duration对象的实例。

Duration duration = new Duration(38114000);

Then, we get the period from the duration above using the toPeriod method in Duration, which converts or initializes it to an instance of the Period class in Joda Time:

然后，我们使用Duration中的toPeriod方法从上面的持续时间中获得周期，该方法将其转换或初始化为Joda Time中Period类的一个实例。

Period period = duration.toPeriod();

We get the units (hours, minutes, and seconds) from Period using its corresponding helper methods:

我们使用Period的相应帮助方法从Period获得单位（小时、分钟和秒）。

long HH = period.getHours();
long MM = period.getMinutes();
long SS = period.getSeconds();

Finally, we can format the duration and test the result:

最后，我们可以格式化持续时间并测试结果。

String timeInHHMMSS = String.format("%02d:%02d:%02d", HH, MM, SS);
assertThat(timeInHHMMSS).isEqualTo("10:35:14");

4. Conclusion

4.总结

In this tutorial, we’ve learned how to format a duration to a specific format (HH:MM:SS, in our case).

在本教程中，我们已经学会了如何将一个持续时间格式化为一个特定的格式（在我们的例子中是HH:MM:SS）。

First, we used Duration and TimeUnit classes that come with Java to get the required units and format them with the help of Formatter.

首先，我们使用Java自带的Duration和TimeUnit类来获得所需的单位，并在Formatter的帮助下将其格式化。

Finally, we looked at how to use some third-party libraries to achieve the result.

最后，我们研究了如何使用一些第三方库来实现这一结果。

As usual, the complete source code is available over on GitHub.

像往常一样，完整的源代码可以在GitHub上找到，。