A Quick Guide to Spring @Value – Spring@价值的快速指南

最后修改: 2017年 4月 21日

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1. Overview

1.概述

In this quick tutorial, we’re going to have a look at the @Value Spring annotation.

在这个快速教程中,我们将看一下@Value Spring注解。

This annotation can be used for injecting values into fields in Spring-managed beans, and it can be applied at the field or constructor/method parameter level.

该注解可用于向Spring管理的Bean中的字段注入值,它可以在字段或构造函数/方法参数级别应用。

2. Setting Up the Application

2.设置应用程序

To describe different kinds of usage for this annotation, we need to configure a simple Spring application configuration class.

为了描述这个注解的不同种类的用法,我们需要配置一个简单的Spring应用配置类。

Naturally, we’ll need a properties file to define the values we want to inject with the @Value annotation. And so, we’ll first need to define a @PropertySource in our configuration class — with the properties file name.

当然,我们需要一个属性文件来定义我们想用@Value注解注入的值。因此,我们首先需要在我们的配置类中定义一个@PropertySource–带有属性文件名。

Let’s define the properties file:

我们来定义一下属性文件。

value.from.file=Value got from the file
priority=high
listOfValues=A,B,C

3. Usage Examples

3.使用实例

As a basic and mostly useless example, we can only inject “string value” from the annotation to the field:

作为一个基本的和大部分无用的例子,我们只能从注解中注入 “字符串值 “到字段。

@Value("string value")
private String stringValue;

Using the @PropertySource annotation allows us to work with values from properties files with the @Value annotation.

使用@PropertySource 注解允许我们使用@Value 注解处理来自属性文件的值。

In the following example, we get Value got from the file assigned to the field:

在下面的例子中,我们得到从文件中得到的值分配给该字段。

@Value("${value.from.file}")
private String valueFromFile;

We can also set the value from system properties with the same syntax.

我们也可以用同样的语法从系统属性中设置该值。

Let’s assume that we have defined a system property named systemValue:

让我们假设我们已经定义了一个名为systemValue的系统属性。

@Value("${systemValue}")
private String systemValue;

Default values can be provided for properties that might not be defined. Here, the value some default will be injected:

可以为可能没有被定义的属性提供默认值。在这里,值some default将被注入。

@Value("${unknown.param:some default}")
private String someDefault;

If the same property is defined as a system property and in the properties file, then the system property would be applied.

如果同一属性被定义为系统属性并在属性文件中,那么系统属性将被应用。

Suppose we had a property priority defined as a system property with the value System property and defined as something else in the properties file. The value would be System property:

假设我们有一个属性priority被定义为系统属性,其值为System property,并在属性文件中被定义为其他东西。该值将是系统属性

@Value("${priority}")
private String prioritySystemProperty;

Sometimes, we need to inject a bunch of values. It would be convenient to define them as comma-separated values for the single property in the properties file or as a system property and to inject into an array.

有时,我们需要注入一堆值。将它们定义为属性文件中单个属性的逗号分隔的值,或者定义为系统属性并注入一个数组中,会很方便。

In the first section, we defined comma-separated values in the listOfValues of the properties file, so the array values would be [“A”, “B”, “C”]:

在第一节中,我们在属性文件的listOfValues中定义了逗号分隔的值,所以数组的值将是[“A”, “B”, “C”]:

@Value("${listOfValues}")
private String[] valuesArray;

4. Advanced Examples With SpEL

4.使用SpEL的高级实例

We can also use SpEL expressions to get the value.

我们也可以使用SpEL表达式来获取数值。

If we have a system property named priority, then its value will be applied to the field:

如果我们有一个名为priority,的系统属性,那么它的值将被应用于字段。

@Value("#{systemProperties['priority']}")
private String spelValue;

If we have not defined the system property, then the null value will be assigned.

如果我们没有定义系统属性,那么将分配null值。

To prevent this, we can provide a default value in the SpEL expression. We get some default value for the field if the system property is not defined:

为了防止这种情况,我们可以在SpEL表达式中提供一个默认值。如果系统属性没有被定义,我们就会得到该字段的某个默认值。

@Value("#{systemProperties['unknown'] ?: 'some default'}")
private String spelSomeDefault;

Furthermore, we can use a field value from other beans. Suppose we have a bean named someBean with a field someValue equal to 10. Then, 10 will be assigned to the field:

此外,我们可以使用其他Bean的字段值。假设我们有一个名为someBean的bean,其字段someValue等于10。那么,10将被分配给该字段。

@Value("#{someBean.someValue}")
private Integer someBeanValue;

We can manipulate properties to get a List of values, here, a list of string values A, B, and C:

我们可以通过操作属性来获得一个List值,这里是一个字符串值A、B和C的列表。

@Value("#{'${listOfValues}'.split(',')}")
private List<String> valuesList;

5. Using @Value With Maps

5.使用@ValueMaps

We can also use the @Value annotation to inject a Map property.

我们还可以使用@Value注解来注入一个Map属性。

First, we’ll need to define the property in the {key: ‘value’ } form in our properties file:

首先,我们需要在{key: ‘value’ }中定义该属性。表格中的属性文件。

valuesMap={key1: '1', key2: '2', key3: '3'}

Note that the values in the Map must be in single quotes.

注意,Map中的值必须使用单引号。

Now we can inject this value from the property file as a Map:

现在我们可以把这个值从属性文件中作为一个Map注入。

@Value("#{${valuesMap}}")
private Map<String, Integer> valuesMap;

If we need to get the value of a specific key in the Map, all we have to do is add the key’s name in the expression:

如果我们需要Map中获得一个特定键的值,我们所要做的就是在表达式中添加该键的名称

@Value("#{${valuesMap}.key1}")
private Integer valuesMapKey1;

If we’re not sure whether the Map contains a certain key, we should choose a safer expression that will not throw an exception but set the value to null when the key is not found:

如果我们不确定Map是否包含某个键,我们应该选择一个更安全的表达式,它不会抛出一个异常,而是在没有找到该键时将值设置为null

@Value("#{${valuesMap}['unknownKey']}")
private Integer unknownMapKey;

We can also set default values for the properties or keys that might not exist:

我们还可以为可能不存在的属性或键设置默认值

@Value("#{${unknownMap : {key1: '1', key2: '2'}}}")
private Map<String, Integer> unknownMap;

@Value("#{${valuesMap}['unknownKey'] ?: 5}")
private Integer unknownMapKeyWithDefaultValue;

Map entries can also be filtered before injection.

Map条目也可以在注入前被过滤

Let’s assume we need to get only those entries whose values are greater than one:

让我们假设我们只需要得到那些数值大于1的条目。

@Value("#{${valuesMap}.?[value>'1']}")
private Map<String, Integer> valuesMapFiltered;

We can also use the @Value annotation to inject all current system properties:

我们还可以使用@Value注解来注入所有当前系统属性

@Value("#{systemProperties}")
private Map<String, String> systemPropertiesMap;

6. Using @Value With Constructor Injection

6.使用@Value与构造函数注入

When we use the @Value annotation, we’re not limited to a field injection. We can also use it together with constructor injection.

当我们使用@Value注解时,我们并不局限于字段注入。我们也可以将它与构造函数注入一起使用。

Let’s see this in practice:

让我们在实践中看到这一点。

@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:values.properties")
public class PriorityProvider {

    private String priority;

    @Autowired
    public PriorityProvider(@Value("${priority:normal}") String priority) {
        this.priority = priority;
    }

    // standard getter
}

In the above example, we inject a priority directly into our PriorityProvider‘s constructor.

在上面的例子中,我们直接在PriorityProvider的构造函数中注入一个priority

Note that we also provide a default value in case the property isn’t found.

请注意,我们还提供了一个默认值,以防止没有找到该属性。

7. Using @Value With Setter Injection

7.使用@Value与设定器注入

Analogous to the constructor injection, we can also use @Value with setter injection.

与构造函数注入类似,我们也可以使用@Value进行设置器注入。

Let’s take a look:

让我们来看看。

@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:values.properties")
public class CollectionProvider {

    private List<String> values = new ArrayList<>();

    @Autowired
    public void setValues(@Value("#{'${listOfValues}'.split(',')}") List<String> values) {
        this.values.addAll(values);
    }

    // standard getter
}

We use the SpEL expression to inject a list of values into the setValues method.

我们使用SpEL表达式向setValues方法注入一个值列表。

8. Conclusion

8.结语

In this article, we examined the various possibilities of using the @Value annotation with simple properties defined in the file, with system properties, and with properties calculated with SpEL expressions.

在这篇文章中,我们研究了使用@Value注解的各种可能性,包括文件中定义的简单属性、系统属性以及用SpEL表达式计算的属性。

As always, the example application is available on the GitHub project.

一如既往,该示例应用程序可在GitHub项目上获得。